All information about ISRO

No matter what the region, today the country of India is making its own identity in every region in the whole world. At the same time, India is constantly moving ahead in the world of space and is achieving new heights. Today other countries are also shocked to see India's increasing achievements in space. All this is possible because of ISRO. But do you know what is this ISRO? If not, then definitely read this article till the end, because in this article you will get to read complete information about ISRO.

What is ISRO?

ISRO is India's national space research organization, whose main objective is to provide space-related technology to India. It designs and develops launch vehicles, satellites, and other related technology for Earth observation, communications, navigation, meteorology, and space science.

Today the Indian space organization ISRO is trying to send a spacecraft to the Moon to take its space flight to greater heights. ISRO wants to get all the information from the Moon that the world is still unaware of.

"Indian Space Research Organization" is the full name of the organization.IISRO develops satellite products and equipment for special use and provides them to the nation. These include geographic information systems, communications, broadcasting, weather forecasting, disaster management tools, navigation, mapping, telemedicine (remote diagnosis and treatment of patients through telecommunication technology), and distance education satellites.

It works under the Department of Space (DOS), which is directly overseen by the Prime Minister of India, and the Chairman of ISRO also acts as the executive of DOS. One of the six international government space agencies with full launch capabilities is ISRO. It is capable of deploying cryogenic engines (operating at sub-zero temperatures), launching missions outside the Earth or atmosphere, and operating a large fleet of artificial satellites.

History of ISRO

Space research activities in our country started in the early 1960s. During this time, applications using satellites were also in the experimental stages in the United States. The American satellite 'Syncom-3' demonstrated the power of its communication satellites by broadcasting the Tokyo Olympic Games in Pacific Region live in the Pacific Ocean regions. Seeing this, Dr. Vikram Sarabhai, who is called the father of the Indian space program, immediately recognized the benefits of space technology for his country.

Dr. Sarabhai was convinced that the real problems of common people and society could be overcome by the resources of space. As director of the Ahmedabad-based Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Dr. Sarabhai called in qualified and outstanding scientists, anthropologists, communicators, and sociologists from all corners of the country and formed a team for the Indian space program.

The Indian space program was initiated in a very planned manner and included satellites for three different elements such as communication and remote sensing, space transportation system, and application programs. In 1962, INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research) was started under the leadership of Dr. Sarabhai and Dr. Ramanathan.

In 1967, the country's first Experimental Satellite Communication Earth Station (ESCES) was established in Ahmedabad. Along with this, the work of training Indian and international scientists and engineers was also started here.

To prove that a satellite system can play an important role in the development of a nation, ISRO made it clear that there is no need to wait for indigenous satellites to start application development. Whereas foreign satellites can be used in the primary stages. However, before testing a full-fledged satellite system, some controlled trials were considered necessary to prove the potential of the Doordarshan Medium for the development of the nation. Accordingly, a TV program for agricultural information “Krishi Darshan” was started, which received a good response.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), formed in 1969, took over the erstwhile INCOSPAR. The next step after this was the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), which emerged as the world's largest sociological test during 1975-76. Through this trial, about 200,000 people in 2400 villages in 6 states benefitted, and development-based programs were broadcast using American Technology Satellite (ATS-6). Along with this, 50,000 science teachers of primary schools were also trained through SITE. After SITE, the Satellite Telecommunication Experiments Project (STEP), a joint project of ISRO and the Post and Telegraphs Department (P&T), was started between 1977-79 using the Franco-German Symphonie satellite. STEP was designed for telecommunication tests. The objective of which is to provide systems trials for domestic communications using geosynchronous satellites, to acquire capabilities and experience in the design, construction, installation, operation, and maintenance of various land facilities and the proposed operational domestic satellite system, INSAT for the country. It was necessary to build indigenous capacity for this purpose.

After SITE, “Kheda Communication Project (KCP)” was started which acted as a field laboratory for telecast of the local specific programs as per requirement for Kheda district of Gujarat state. In 1984, KCP was awarded the UNESCO-IPDC Award for Efficient Rural Communication.

Where is the headquarter of ISRO?

The headquarter of ISRO is located in Antriksh Bhawan, Bangalore.

When was ISRO established?

ISRO was established on 15 August 1969. ISRO replaced its predecessor INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research) which was established in 1962 by the first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, and India's great scientist Vikram Sarabhai.

Some big achievements of ISRO

Indian Space Research Organization has joined the world's top space research centers with the aim of harnessing space technology for the development of the nation along with planetary exploration and space science research. Before ISRO, INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research) launched its first rocket in 1963. From carrying a rocket on a bicycle to reaching Mars on the first attempt, ISRO has come a long way. Here are shown the top 10 achievements of ISRO which have put ISRO on the world map.

INSAT launch

The name INSAT is included in the initial missions of ISRO. INSAT stands for "Indian National Satellite System". It was one of the few domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific region. It consisted of 9 communication satellites that were placed in Geostationary orbit. They were deployed in the year 1983 to meet the needs of broadcasting, telecommunications, weather forecasting, search and rescue operations, space science, and disaster warning. With the launch of INSAT, a major revolution had started in the communication sector of the country.

SRE-1

The name of the Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-1) is included in the 10 major achievements of ISRO. It was launched on January 10, 2007, from the first launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. PSLV C7 rocket was used to launch it, which also included 3 other satellites. The purpose of this entire mission was to show the ability of the orbiting space capsule to come in the correct condition. Before returning to Earth, the capsule spent 12 days orbiting the planet. Its other scientific objectives included guidance control, navigation, communication management, and many other projects.

Development of RLV

The Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) mission is also one of the popular missions of ISRO. ISRO does not get unlimited budget and freedom like NASA. That's why ISRO tries to get more output at the least cost. For this purpose RLV was developed, which is very important for ISRO. However, it has been presented as a sample, the first test of which was done on May 23, 2016. As soon as this rocket gets the green signal, it will give a new direction to ISRO in the mission of scientific research and space exploration.

India's first satellite Aryabhatta

ISRO's first successful satellite was named after the country's great astronomer Aryabhata. It was launched on 19 April 1975 with a Russian rocket named Kosmos-3M from Kapustin Yar, Astrakhan Oblast. This satellite remained in space for 17 years. After this, on February 10, 1992, it re-entered the Earth's atmosphere. However, in March 1981, ISRO's communication with this satellite was stopped. The main objective of launching Aryabhata was to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, agronomics, and solar physics.

Biggest commercial launch in 2015

In 2015, ISRO registered a new record in its name by launching the largest commercial mission. On July 10, 2015, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C28 (PSLV-C28) was launched with a weight of 1440 kg. This spacecraft consisted of five British satellites, which were operated by ISRO and Antrix Corporation. This spacecraft had traveled 647 km from Satish Dhawan Space Center in 19 minutes and 22 seconds. This was the heaviest weight ever sent into space.

New achievements of ISRO in 2020

Three spacecraft were launched by ISRO in 2020.

1.GSAT-30

2.EOS-01

3.CMS-01

1. GSAT-30

GSAT-30 was successfully launched into the Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) on 17 January 2020. It was launched from the Kourou launch base, French Guiana along with the Ariane-5 VA-251 launch vehicle. It is India's telecommunication satellite whose purpose of the launch was to replace INSAT-4A and increase coverage.

The satellite was integrated into ISRO's 1-3K bus structure to provide communication services in the C and KU bands from geosynchronous orbit.

2. EOS-01

EOS-01 satellite was successfully launched into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) from Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota on 07 November 2020. PSLV-C49/EOS-01 launch vehicle was used to launch it. It was the country's earth observation satellite that was launched to aid in agriculture, forestry science, and disaster management.

3. CMS-01

On 17 December 2020, CMS-01 was successfully launched into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) with the help of the PSLV-C50/CMS-01 launch vehicle from Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota. It is India's communication satellite which was launched to provide services of extended C bands of the frequency spectrum. It includes the Indian mainland, Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep Islands. It is the 42nd communication satellite of India.

Conclusion

I hope you must have liked this article of mine "complete information about ISRO". I have tried my best to explain the information about ISRO in simple words so that you do not need to go to any other site with reference to this article.

By Moni Sinhmar